What Is a Data Warehouse

Question 1 What is a data warehouse? What problems does it solve for a business? A data warehouse is a place where data is stored for archival purpose, analysis purpose. Usually a data warehouse is either a single computer or many computers servers tied together to create one giant computer systems. Data warehouse solve a lot of problems to companies as it helps to structure files and avoid unnecessary duplication of data.Data warehouse also allows to easily updating data and encourages management to regard data as a resource that must be properly managed just as any other resources. Question1B What do you see as the benefits of using a web-like browser to access information from a data warehouse? The benefits of using a web browser to access information from a data warehouse is that it allows users to have access to different search engines and opens up different links with the relevance key search. Some results will be more complete than others as they have different ways of indexi ng websites.Using a web browser to access information from a data warehouse is also useful as the links give you access to images and videos which interact users but can also slow down the logon level of speed operations meaning that the data warehouse is accessed at a fast speed. Question2 The SAP system is a collection of software that performs standard business functions for corporations. Here are some applications developed by SAP for consumers use, they are regrouped into categories of utilities[1]. Financials applications The SAP Financials applications contain all of the functionality needed for enterprise-wide financial management. These include: Financial Accounting (FI), Provides a complete financial accounting solution, including income statements, balance sheets, journals, ledgers, and all areas of financial accounting. †¢ Enterprise Controlling (EC): Assists in controller tasks. †¢ Capital Investment Management (IM): Assists finance organizations in their capi tal investments and tracking. †¢ Controlling (CO): Assists the controller organization. †¢ Treasury (TR): Assists with transactions related to the U. S. Treasury. Human Resources applications †¢ Personnel Administration (PA): Assists with all areas of personnel administration, including applicant tracking and personnel history. Personnel Development (PD): Assists with training and educational status of employees. These systems handle all of the mundane HR tasks, such as personnel and payroll, and also a number of more esoteric HR functions, such as seminar and convention management. Logistics applications The SAP Logistics applications include SAP's most popular modules. †¢ Materials Management (MM): Manages raw materials, inventory, and all aspects of goods manufacturing. †¢ Production Planning (PP):Offers sophisticated tools for planning large production environments. General Logistics (LO): Manages logistics for companies that require large-scale deployme nt of goods and resources. †¢ Sales and Distribution (SD): Manages the inventory and distribution of finished goods. †¢ Plant Maintenance (PM): Manages the resources required for large manufacturing plants. †¢ Quality Management (QM): Captures and maintains quality control for manufacturing environments. †¢ Project System (PS): Assists with the scheduling of project tasks and interdependencies between tasks. ;; Oracle is the leading company in a leading software development and provides usiness with systems and information with reliable, secure, and integrated technologies[2].These software’s include: †¢ Agile Link-to-SAP XI: Agile Product Collaboration provides a comprehensive solution to manage bill of material (BOM), item, and engineering change order (ECO) data necessary for product content collaboration across the manufacturing supply chain. †¢ Oracle Communications for SAP RM-CA Manage: SAP RM-CA Manager integrates the BRM billing platform with SAP Revenue Management–Contract Accounting (SAP RM-CA), a revenue management system that SAP offers to the telecommunications industry Siebel Connector for SAP R/3: The Siebel Connector for SAP R/3 supports both synchronous and asynchronous transactions across application boundaries. The resulting consistency of data provides efficient coordination between front and back-office operations. †¢ Oracle Business Intelligence Applications (BI Apps) are prebuilt BI solutions that deliver intuitive, role-based intelligence for everyone in an organisation that enable better decisions, actions, and business processes.Based on best practices, these solutions enable organisations to gain greater insight and value from a range of data sources and applications including Oracle E-Business Suite, PeopleSoft, Siebel, and third party systems such as SAP. †¢ Imaging ; Process Management (I/PM), part of the Stellent assets, provides organizations with a scalable solution focused on process-oriented imaging applications and image-enabling enterprise applications.With I/PM, organizations can quickly integrate their content and processes directly with Oracle and other third party enterprise applications, such as EBS, PeopleSoft Enterprise, JD Edwards Enterprise One and JD Edwards World, Microsoft Business Solutions, SAP, Lawson, and Baan. Here are the advantages of these two very competitive companies in the industry of enterprise application software reported by Eweek[3]. Oracle advantages |Control of the Oracle database | |Without data, enterprise applications are little more than empty containers.As the Oracle database platform evolves, it is | |becoming the data management system for enterprise applications. | | | |More open environment | |Oracle has done a better job of embracing Web- and Java-based application development paradigms that are familiar to a broader| |number of developers. | | |Customers relationship management | |Due to its acquisitions of Siebel and PeopleSoft, Oracle has a deeper knowledge of business processes, driven more often than | |not by front-end CRM (customer relationship management) applications. | | | |Middleware | |Oracle isnt that much better than SAP in this category, but at least Oracle has recognized its weakness in the middleware area| |enough to try and acquire BEA. | | |Mid market channel | |Oracle has a stronger history in the channel than SAP, and, as such, has a better ability to leverage third-party solution | |providers in the small and midsize business market. | | | |Flexibility | |Oracle is a little more flexible in its approach to the business processes it will support, compared with the more | |hierarchical SAP model. | | |Global development Team | |Oracle development teams work together around the globe with relatively equal levels of autonomy. | | | |More third party application | |Years of working with ISVs on its database have created a stronger Oracle ecosystem. | | |Stronger OEM par tnership | |The Oracle database is a critical piece of enterprise software driving server sales for Dell and Hewlett-Packard (and making | |the latter companys sales force an extension | SAP advantages Legion of consultants | |A large army’s worth of business consultants owe their professional existence to SAP and help keep SAP the market leader. | | | |CIO loyalty | |Many CIO’s3 have invested millions of dollars in SAP and have staked their careers on its continued success. | | |Partnership with IBM | |IBM is probably one of the largest resellers of SAP software, on top of DB2 databases. | | | |Partnership with Microsoft | |Although SAP has ambitions in the SMB space in which Microsoft sells its own applications, a marriage of convenience results | |in a lot of Microsoft Office-to-SAP enterprise application work. | | |Open source | |Although SAP would balk at the idea of open-source application software, it provides tons of resources for the development of | |open-sou rce infrastructure software—making more money available for SAP software. | | |Business Process Integration | |Years of work in this area have resulted in a depth of expertise that is difficult to replicate. | | | |Global Footprint | |SAP has extended its enterprise application customer base around the world. | | |German Engineering | |Although it is sometimes seen as overly rigid, a reputation for attention to detail works in SAPs overall favor. | | | |Vertical market penetration | |Compared with Oracle, SAP has had more time to gain expertise across a broader array of industries. A recent Forrester research paper[4] found that Oracle has a strong middleware platform and better support of open standard and as such it is the right choice for customers who rely heavily on custom development in conjunction with packaged applications. The reporters Wang and Rymer asserted that companies in the high-tech manufacturing market segment would likely be better off with Oracle while co mpanies in the pharmaceutical and utilities industries would be more likely to choose SAP.In the light of this report my choice between theses systems will be based on the targeted market segment, in other words I will select the vendor that best suit my business activity. So therefore, I will select Oracle enterprise application if my company focuses on high-tech or with heavy reliability on custom development in conjunction with packaged applications. My choice in the other case will be to go for SAP if my business is found in the utilities industries or pharmaceutics. Making these choices will surely enable great customers satisfaction since they provide employees with the best equipments to serve these customers.Question3 Week 4 Lecture summary relating to: Data base models A data base model is a theory or specification describing how a data base is structured and used . several models have been suggested: The Hierarchal model is organized in to a tree like structure aiming to k eep data in an organized manner. This structure allows one relationship between two types of data i. e the parent child relationship, the child may have only one parent but the parent can have many children’s. The Network model organizes data using two fundamental records and sets.In other words the network model allows a many to many relationship meaning that the program maintains a current position and navigates fron one record to another by following relationships in which the record participates records can also be located b supplying key values. ( we have seen that most data bases used on man frame and minicomputer are based on the network or the hierarchal model. Relational model 3 key terms are widely used in the relational data base model these are relations , attributes and domain. A relation is theh colum and rows the named colums of the relations are called attributes and the domain is the set of values.The relational model was introduced as a way to make data base management system more independent. The structure of the relational model is a table where rows and columns of the tables are related. Database Development Entity modeling Entity relationship diagrams and entity relationship model illustrate the correlation and its nature between entities. The entities identifies the needs of the business and holds information of it all, with this method the relationship may be one to one or one to many. There are diverse benefits to the entity relationship modeling as it gives a specified picture of the current and requested system data.Normalization Normalization is the procedure of removing duplication of data. Normalization is also the process of verifying by making sure that there are no problems when updating the database and the operations on the various relations will not lead to conflicting and incorrect data. Part 2 Question1 (iii) What is the role of entity-relationship diagram and Normalization in database? Normalization and ERM are use ful techniques for data management because normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize duplication, it usally divides a database into two or more tables defining relationships between the tables.The objective of normalization is to isolate data so that additions, deletions, and modifications of a field can be made in just one table and then spread through the rest of the data base via the defined relationships. I. e the customers number is related to its matching customers name and matching customer order. Therefore ERM and Normalization techniques ensure that data is well organized so that when updating some data you face no duplications or error. Data modeling is the process of creating a logical representation of the structure of a data base because it provides a unified view of data which is independent of any model.

Residential Schools Essay

The Decolonization of Aboriginal Civilizations through Education For centuries the Canadian government’s emphasis has always been on public affairs, where the wealthy and powerful dominated and the primary inhabitants who established our lands were almost completely disregarded. In this essay, I will argue that the educational system of the Indian Residential School (IRS) failed to meet the needs of entire generations of Aboriginal peoples. Even after the system’s discontinuation, the government continued to withhold any type of resolution for an entire decade and to this day the legacy of the IRS hangs heavy in aboriginal communities across Canada. I will prove that the Canadian federal system has failed in all accounts of Aboriginal students’ educational needs by looking at the provincial education system in comparison to the residential school system. The IRS institutions were launched in the 1840s with aboriginal children as their principal target; through them the Canadian government hoped to â€Å"civilize† and conform the following generations of Aboriginals into mainstream Canadian society and Christianity. The IRS’s objective resulted in the imprudent violation of the Aboriginal peoples’ traditions and the denial of their fundamental human rights. Up until 1996, Aboriginal children suffered from substandard living conditions and were taught at an inadequate level of education by men and women who were not qualified to teach. Although much has since been changed within the aboriginal education system, the legacy of the IRS system endures. It can be argued that the federal government sought to threaten the very existence of aboriginal peoples, and to annihilate the foundations on which the aboriginal ways of life were formed by replacing them with unfamiliar contemporary practice. As a nation that prides itself of multiculturalism and the legal protection of all cultures, Canada was unable to acknowledge and conserve the diverse aboriginal cultures. It was assumed that aboriginal children were the same across Canada. Differences among tribes, bands, and individuals played no role in a federal policy that viewed aboriginal peoples as a singular object or problem that was in need of resolution. The IRS system was a dismal failure with far-reaching consequences for entire generations of aboriginal peoples. Aboriginal families were already sending their children to provincial public schools when federal policy intervened to declare IRS to be their sole educational option. The Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) guaranteed the failure of aboriginal children to compete socially or intellectually with their non-aboriginal neighbors. I will illustrate how such a system lead to a significant gap in illiteracy rates between mainstream Canadian and Aboriginal children. The IRS system operated on a half-day curriculum during which children were removed from the classroom each day to do â€Å"occupational training† involving rudimentary tasks such as farming, harvesting, sewing, and constructing. At the root of the training was the lack of financial support available to the IRS. In a detailed comparison I will discuss the federal grants received by the IRS, which were less than 25% of the grants received by provincial public schools. My comparison will further emphasize how the financial limitations on their federal budgets affected the Aboriginal children’s quality of education and overall life. Federal officials hoped to see the IRS system become self-supporting through the use of pupils raising crops, sewing clothes, and generally doing â€Å"occupational training†. Since the termination of the IRS system, the acknowledgment and progress of government compensation has helped to restore a sense of hope in the aboriginal community. Although the government’s promises of a changed and better future support their efforts in alleviating the remnants of the IRS system, aboriginal peoples now face the hardships that were endured by their preceding generations with the justified belief that education is a tainted object of fear. Throughout the majority of Canadian history, the federal government utilized the IRS system to deprive Aboriginal peoples of their rights to proper living and education and have done little to reverse their damages. Annotated Bibliography Belanger, P. (2012). Dialogic Potential in the Shadow of Canada’s Indian Residential School System. Argumentation and Advocacy, 49(1), 16. In his article, Patrick Belanger argues that although efforts are being made by the Canadian government to express their remorse to the aboriginal community, the apology they offered, presented by Stephen Harper attracted public attention that was greater in scope than the apology’s sincerity. Belanger supports his argument by exploring incidents and statements in the past made by Harper and his inaccurate historical record. Belanger highlights how earlier on Harper had denied any â€Å"history of colonialism† in Canada, albeit admitting to five centuries of institutionalized racism and aggressive assimilation. Belanger also states how Harper narrowed his apology to the IRS system and disregarded other issues such as the violation and appropriation of Native treaties and lands. This article is helpful to my research because it supports the argument that although the Canadian government is making efforts to resolve the past, most of the progress that they propose is heavily focused on the future without particular attention and mediation to actual past events. Elias, B. , Mignone, J. , Hall, M. , Hong, S. P. , Hart, L. , & Sareen, J. (2012). Trauma and Suicide Behaviour Histories Among a Canadian Indigenous Population: An Empirical Exploration of the Potential Role of Canada’s Residential School System. Social Science & Medicine, 74, 1560-1569. In this article, the authors theorize that the IRS system left a pattern of suicidal behaviors that has passed on inter-generationally. The authors support their argument by conducting an empirical study to investigate the association of the IRS system with trauma and abusive behaviors. They collected data from residential and non-residential school attendees and their analyses found that for residential school attendees, negative experiences in the school were associated with a history of abuse and for those of younger age, they were also associated with suicidal attempts. For non-residential attendees who had a parent or grandparent who was an attendee, there was also an association with a history of abuse. This history, along with age and having had parents or grandparents who were attendees, was associated with a history of suicidal thoughts and attempts. This article is helpful to my research because it helps to show how the hindrances of the IRS system still linger in today’s generation and how the damages are still not being properly reconciled today. MacDonald, D. B. , & Hudson, G. (2011). The Genocide Question and Indian Residential Schools in Canada. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 45(2), 427-449. In their article, MacDonald and Hudson explore the crimes committed against Aboriginal peoples throughout the existence of the IRS and how it compares to genocide. They support their argument by considering existing international and domestic laws on genocide and applying these laws and theories meaningfully in the IRS system. This article is useful to my research because it discusses the interpretations of the crimes within the IRS system. It also uses a pool of evidence from survivors and documents to help me form concrete judgments on the crimes committed by the government. Miller, J. R. (2002). Troubled Legacy: A History of Native Residential Schools. Saskatchewan Law Review, 66, 357. In his article, J. R. Miller discusses the history of the IRS system and argues that there is not enough exposure of the scope of the system’s evolution over the centuries. Miller supports his article by tracking the historical record of the IRS system and pointing out specific faults made by the Catholic Church and the federal government. He shows how inadequate government financing dating back to the late 1800s contributed to inadequate pedagogy, insufficient child care, and other forms of abuse. This article is helpful to my research because it focuses on the consequences of the system’s financial and social deficiencies and how they caused aboriginal communities to turn against the institution of education.

Site-to-Site Connectivity Scenario Essay

I am troubleshooting replication between the Main Office and Branch Office 1. It seems that changes to user object attributes take a very long time to propagate or do not propagate at all. I am not sure when replication is supposed to occur and have no idea where to begin testing? Do you have any recommendations, any suggested steps to help me narrow down the problem? Thank you! Junior Admin Good morning Junior Admin I’m sorry about the trouble you are having. Active Directory replication by default is ‘pull’ rather than ‘push’, meaning that replicas pull changes from the server where the change was effected. Because this is an Inter-site set up the replication traffic is going to be higher. You can use Performance Monitor, Event Log, or Network Monitor to check how much traffic you are having. The time required to replicate directory data between domain controllers is known as the replication latency. Replication latency can vary depending on the number of domain controllers, the number of sites, the available bandwidth between sites, replication frequency, and more. Active Directory automatically builds the most efficient intersite replication topology using information you provide through Active Directory Sites and Services about your site connections. The directory stores this information as site link objects. One domain controller per site is assigned to build the topology; this is called the intersite topology generator. The intersite replication topology is updated regularly to respond to any changes that occur in the network. You can control intersite replication through the information you provide when you create your site links. By monitoring replication regularly you will be able to determine the normal replication latency on your network. With that information, you can easily determine if a problem is occurring. You can also manually force the replication by  running repadmin /syncall /AdeP or use AD sites and services console. You can adjust the frequency to match with your specific needs. Be aware that increasing this frequency increases the amount of bandwidth used by replication. I would also recommend that you run dcdiag /q and repadmin /replsum to check the health of DC and replication status in case if errors are reported post the logs. I hope this helps. Let me know if you have any other questions. IT Admin

SWO Service Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

SWO Service - Case Study Example However, in recent years it is facing various problems related to maintaining sustainability of its business. It has acquired a substantial sales order for the upcoming six months but it needs to decide upon whether to expand its business further or not. This study discusses about the detailed company and industry analysis to have conclusive evidence to decide upon the sustainability of the business in future. First of all the key issues related to the company performance have been identified. Then the industry analysis has been performed which discusses about the internal and external business factors which have an impact on the company. Then the consumer analysis has been done which includes segmentation strategies and the product mix associated with each segments. Then the trade analysis, competitive analysis and external analysis of the company has also been done. An alternative analysis has been performed which discusses about the targeting of the particular segment consisting o f the mid-sized distributors and the relevant positioning and promotional strategies to be employed by the company. Lastly, a recommendation has been provided regarding the best strategy needed to be applied by the company to regain its competitive advantage in the market and have a sustainable growth and development in future. Table of Contents Problems and Analysis 5 Issues 5 Constraints 5 Objectives 5 Industry Analysis 5 Internal Factors 6 External Factors 6 Key Success Factors 7 Consumer Analysis 7 Trade Analysis 8 Competitive Analysis 9 External Analysis 9 Political Factors 10 Economical Factors 10 Technological Factors 10 Corporate Capabilities 11 Alternative Analysis 11 Recommendation 12 Works Cited 13 Problems and Analysis Issues SWO Service is experiencing different kinds of issues which are having a significant impact on the performance and growth of the company. The company has failed to generate revenues at a steady rate since its inception. The penetration pricing strat egy followed by the company initially helped it to increase its market share but now it is facing problems to successfully position its products and is losing sales on various grounds. Constraints The constraint that can be identified as regards to SWO Service is the financial constraint. It does not have adequate fund sources available to them to expand its business on a large scale. Objectives The personal objectives include more profit required by the owners of the company. It is in accordance with the company objective which is to decide upon expansion of its business to increase the profitability of the company. Industry Analysis In order to facilitate the formulation of a successful strategy and help in its decision making process regarding the sustainability of the business processes followed by SWO Service it requires to have a comprehensive analysis of the industry in which it is operating its business activities. Industry analysis actually involves identification of the ec onomic factors that helps a company to boost its performance and profitability in the operating industry (Palepu, and Healy 2-16). Industry analysis of SWO Service includes identification and analysis of its internal and external business environment which is explained below: Internal Factors Strengths George, one of the owners of SWO Service is one of its strength. George is experienced in the field of software industry and has the acumen of all different technical aspects of the software industry. Moreover SWO Service develops quality software which is acknowledged by the customers. Weaknesses The organizational structure of SWO Service is one of its major weaknesses. The various business activit

The Merits of Equitable Fairness in the Context of Injunctions Essay

The Merits of Equitable Fairness in the Context of Injunctions - Essay Example At times injunctive relief can be obtained in cases in connection with damages or as a substitute for damages.2 The merits of the fairness of injunctive relief are contained in Section 37(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 which provides that: The High Court may be order (whether interlocutory or final) grant an injunction or appoint a receiver in all cases in which it appears to the court to be just and convenient to do so.3 Section 37(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 therefore contemplates that injunctive relief will only be granted when the court considers it fair to do so. Fairness is derived from the use of the terms â€Å"just† and â€Å"convenient†. In order to understand how the terms just and convenient amount to fairness in the proceedings it is necessary to examine how courts exercise the jurisdiction for granting injunctive relief as provided for under Section 37(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981. ... As Charleton observed, a prohibitory injunction seeks to regulate one party by forcing that party to go back to behaviour that is consistent with the terms of a contract. Presumably, the party has either failed to act in certain way or has stopped acting in that way. By ordering a prohibitory injunction, the parties are expected to continue as if nothing had come between them when one party is forced to act in a way that he or she no longer wishes to act.7 It can be argued that the prohibitory injunction achieves equitable fairness because it remedies situations in which, a party to an agreement discontinues a contractual obligation to the detriment of the other party who has invested significant resources in reliance on the continued commitment on the part of the offending party not to do something in particular. However, according to Lord Cairns LC in Dolman v Allman, a prohibitory injunction will be granted â€Å"as a matter of course† and the court is not concerned about: ...a question of the balance of convenience or inconvenience, or the amount of damge or of injury.8 Prohibitory injunctions are therefore not concerned about what is fair and just between the parties, but rather, what is fair and just in terms of the contractual obligations of the parties. Mandatory Injunctions A mandatory injunction is an injunction compelling one part to â€Å"undo the effects of breaching a negative undertaking†.9 Unlike a prohibitory injunction, courts are less inclined to grant a mandatory injunction.10 Courts will typically refuse to grant a mandatory injunction and will only grant a mandatory injunction if the court is satisfied that the party against whom the injunction is sought has

Marketing communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing communications - Essay Example It initiates as mental imageries such as emotions, pictures, thoughts and ideas. Mental images in formed when one person desires to convey these images with another. The sender is described as a person who wants to communicate. Moreover, these images can be transferred by sender through translation and transpose of these images in to symbols. This process of transposing images that can be understood by receiver is known as encoding. The next level of communication and transmitting message to receiver is done through visual media, printed materials, telephone communication and face-to-face interaction (Fill, 2009, p.64). Additionally, the decoding process occurs; when message is being effectively received by another individual. The effective process of communication occurs, when message is decoded precisely as proposed and envisioned by sender. When feedback are received in the form of changed behaviour and actions, then sources will understand that communication have been sent succes sfully. This entire process of communication is known as basic communication model. In 1948, Hazel Gaudet, Bernard Berelson and Paul Lazarsfeld formulated two-step flow model of communication in the book the People Choice. This communication model is one of the theories of communication that suggests and recommends that mass media outlets have less influence on determining public opinion than that of interpersonal interactions. This model is also known as Multistep Flow Model. The Two Step Flow of Communication Model states that ideas and notions flow from mass media to judgment frontrunners to widespread population. It is believed that opinion formed by most people is primarily based on opinion leaders. These opinion leaders are those who interpret based on their personal views and judgments. Moreover, they are exposed to particular media content. These opinions are infiltrated by opinion leaders with the help of general public

US foreign policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

US foreign policy - Essay Example This includes the search for peace and democracy where there is conflict and tyrannism. Most of these dealings have been good and the US deserves praise for this. However, a thorough examination of these actions reveals that the US and its foreign policy are guided by illusions. Dallek (78) lists them as, the power to transform the world from lawless and hostile to peaceful one/misguided faith in universalism, the need to shun appeasement or conciliatory talks with enemies and the belief in the effectiveness of military power to contain opponents. These illusions, especially its love affair with universalism, have made it almost impossible for the US to rethink and come up with productive ways of dealing with their foreign problems. This problem can be attributed the universal imperialist nature in the people who helped to shape the US foreign policy. Take Wilson and Bush for example. They both had similar perceptions of foreign nations as evidenced by their policies towards other countries. Evidence of universal imperialism among US leaders begun in 1918 with Wilson’s peace program, a rationalisation for its participation in war to terminate all wars and make the western part of the globe safe for democracy. Hellwig (261) explains that the Mexican revolution of 1910 unleashed great turbulence in North America and the US response, especially the response of President Wilson is subject to much studies and criticism. Wilson saw that the best way of dealing with Mexico was to invade them. He sent General Pershing and 10,000 US troops into the Mexico to fight and capture Mexico. Wilson was a strong defender of pacifism and America’s and this motivated the US involvement in the World War I. His foreign policy towards Mexico was based on an altruistic desire to impart on other nations the benefits of constitutional democracy. To others, this

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business law - Essay Example However, the Council may not be held liable for the losses of 50,000 pounds that Burton is trying to claim in the form of lost profits. The original neighbor principle mandating a general duty of care towards others on the basis of owing consideration to one’s neighbor, was set out in the case of Donaghue v Stevenson.1 This was later refined in the case of Caparo v Dickman2 where the scope of the duty of care was refined on the basis of three principles: (a) was there a relationship of sufficient proximity between the plaintiff and the defendant? (b) Was the damage caused to the plaintiff reasonably foreseeable? (c) Is it just and reasonable to impose a duty of care? This may be applied in the case of both Abi and Burton, who have suffered damages in the form of repairs needed for their homes, with Abi also sustaining injuries. Abi is a local resident of the area and Burton’s is a local business, therefore the Council is responsible for ensuring their safety by maintaining the flood barrier. Secondly, the damage caused is likely to be held to be reasonably foreseeable because Hanby Borough Council is responsible for maintaining flood defenses along the river and were told to improve the defenses. Since a flood had occurred before, it is reasonable to assume that such damages occurring in the future would have been a foreseeable event and therefore the Council may be held to be negligent in failing to complete repairs quickly. Lastly, the Court may indeed deem it just and reasonable to impose a duty of care in this case, since the negligence of the Council has resulted in damages caused to the premises of both Abi and Burton, as well as fu rther injuries to Abi while she was being rescued which required hospitalization. The underlying core for the establishment of the principles wherein negligence has been held to be legally liable under the principles spelt out in the cases above, is the sentiment of moral wrong doing for which the offender is to be held

Reeds Clothier Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reeds Clothier Inc - Essay Example Reed’s Clothier Inc. To see the actual situation of the firm, we can move forward and discuss Jim’s financial ratios. The first and most important ratio is the current ratio. This gives an idea of liquidity of the firm. It is not good not to be liquid or to be extremely liquidated. The best balanced sheet has a combination of fixed and current assets. Too many of receivables are not good although they may increase the value of assets but they indicate a weak receivable control system. The industry current ratio is 2.7, while for Jim’s company it is 2.01 (Calculated by dividing current assets with current liabilities) Quick ratio for the industry is 1.6. For Jim Reed’s company it is 1.4. 1 : 1 is the least acceptable ratio. Reed’s is lagging behind in both these ratios from industry standards. Another ratio that proves and shows that the Reed’s company is in bad financial shape is Receivable turnover. If this ratio is high, it indicates higher credit policy. If this rati o is low, it shows there are loopholes in receivables policy. The value for industry is 20.1 while this company has the ratio of 26.0. This once again indicates that due to lack of attention, the company finances are suffering. (White, Sondhi and Fried, 1997) Inventory turnover needs to be high as that indicates good sales against inventory. The figure for industry is 7 which is good. The exhibit 5 show that in case of Reed’s the sales are related to inventory, but with increasing stock the increase in sales is not correlation.

To what extent did Empire affect lives of continental Europeans Essay

To what extent did Empire affect lives of continental Europeans - Essay Example The resulting constitutional conflict was prevailed over by Otto Van Bismarck, the Minister President of Prussia in 1862 (Gooch, 1960, 58). Over the course of the latter part of the nineteenth century Bismarck involved Prussia in three wars, at some stage which the smaller German states were taken away from the presidency of Austria, the German Confederation was disbanded and Prussia developed to form a new and more entirely integrated Germany (ibid). France, on the other hand, became more centralized and liberal society during and after the Empire. The leaders in Paris confronted a few restrictions, and businessman took advantage of the freedom of commerce. Urban labourers and landless peasants, on the contrary, could stage only weak rebellions against their landowners. Even though the nobility had been dispossessed of its privileged and several of its owned land, the social hierarchy persisted; over the next five decades the nobility would unite with the upper bourgeoisie to form a new ruling class, which is known as the notables. The Church had lost its important role in society, yet it lingered on as a powerful force. A British blockade throughout the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods had weakened the once flourishing Atlantic imperial economy. During these twenty-five years, England had surpassed the French economy in industrialization (ibid). The Empire in Germany symbolized success. Strengthened by the three victorious wars, she had replaced the nation of France as the first military power in continental Europe. The Prussian character was perceived to be equalled by remarkable progress in other directions. In almost all sectors of education and scientific innovations, the German Empire did not stand second to another. In manufacturing, German industry and commerce improved leaps and bounds. This success has been attributed by several of the historians and other scholars to the Prussian genius for organisation,

Homeostasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Homeostasis - Essay Example The failure of the organs to excrete waste products is very detrimental to the health of a person and could possibly lead to death. Diseases are likewise outcomes of this failure. There are natural bodily processes like Osmoregulation which creates balance thus preventing the occurrence of diseases relating to the excretory organs. There are also man-made treatments to combat the negative effects of the malfunction of the excretory systems like Dialysis for severe kidney diseases. We shall concentrate on the two excretory organs: the kidneys as a component of the urinary system and the skin as a regulator of temperature. In the course of the discussion of the structures and functions of the urinary system and the skin, the effects of the failure of these systems will be tackled. The terms Osmoregulation and Dialysis will likewise be elaborated and explained. The urinary system has four major components: the kidneys, the ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra. The main organs of the urinary system are the kidneys. The kidneys with its functional components called nephrons, form the urine. The process begins during blood circulation. Blood contains Urea, which is produced when protein-rich foods are broken down. Blood through the bloodstream travels through the kidneys and deposits the urea there along with water and other waste matters. This results to the formation of urine. The ureters are small tubes where urine passes through going to the bladder. Urine is then stored in the urinary bladder. The bladder sends information if there is a need for urination when the bladder is filled up. The contractions of the muscles in the bladder release the urine into a tube called urethra. The urethra is the last passageway which allows the body to release urine or to undergo the process of urination. The primary function of the urinary system is to get rid of waste products in the body resulting from cellular metabolism. This function preserves the normal composition and volume of body fluids. Aside from maintaining the appropriate amount of water in the body, the urinary system also has other functions. It sustains the normal pH of the blood and helps in managing the proper production of red blood cells by secreting the erythropoietin hormone. By producing the renin enzyme, the urinary system likewise helps in the maintenance of normal blood pressure. What will happen if the major components of the urinary system fail It will lead to major health problems. Diseases or disorders resulting from the urinary system failure include Kidney Stones which vary in size and may cause little or great pain, and Renal Failure of the kidneys which is a result of the kidneys not being able to properly and completely remove waste products from the blood. In this case, the kidneys are also not able to regulate the chemicals and water in the body. Other disorders are the Urinary Tract Infections which are caused by urinary tract bacteria, Urinary Incontinence, or the inability to control the bladder in releasing urine, and Urinary Retention, or problems in emptying the bladder (Your Urinary System and How It

Communications in Society Essay Example for Free

Communications in Society Essay MGMT 351 Exam 1 Directions: Respond to five of the following questions. Responding to more than five will not earn extra credit. If you decide not to follow this direction, the five lowest scoring answers will constitute the grade for this test. There are some important considerations for successful completion of the text: 1. Accurate information is important, and it must directly address the question. 2. Use all terms appropriately. 3. Several questions have more than one part. Complete and accurate answers will earn maximum credit. Make sure that all of the requested information is provided. 4. Each complete and accurate answer is worth 20% of the grade for this exam. 5. Assignments are automatically sent through Turnitin to check for appropriate use of material (e.g. paraphrasing, citations). Make sure that your work follows all the guidelines for academic honesty. 6. Use the numbers as here listed. Do not renumber. 7. Watch the deadline. Late exams will not receive credit. 8. Answers must reflect college level writing skills, i.e. clear sentence construction and correct spelling, grammar and use of punctuation. Deductions from the test score will be made for failure to meet this standard. 9. If anything is unclear, ask rather than assume it doesn’t make a difference. To complete this exam, follow these steps: 1. Download this exam and save it as a MSWord document. 2. Read through all the questions and choose those you will attempt to answer. 3. Provide complete and accurate answers to those five questions. 4. Save. 5. Post your saved response to the exam under the Assignment by the deadline for this assignment. Questions: 1. Effective organizational communication is truly an interactive process. The people taking part in the communication exchange must listen carefully and respond accurately to the other interactants. There are ten elements that contribute to interactive communication (see Figure 1.2 on page 5 of your text). Using an example from your own experience, identify how these ten elements impacted the communication process, making sure to accurately label all ten. 2. Organizational philosophy has significant influence on management practice and communication in an organization. Briefly distinguish between classical, humanistic and systems theories. Now describe possible impact of each of these perspectives on the writing of job descriptions. Be specific. 3. Strategic communication relies on effective tactics in four areas. Name them and define them. Now consider this situation and apply what you know about these four areas to this situation: Next week, Clark will be giving a very important budget proposal presentation. This could be a boost to his career, or a bust. If he hopes to have his proposal accepted, he needs to be strategic in the plan and delivery for this presentation. How should he use the four areas of strategic communication to accomplish his goals? 4. What is communication anxiety, what role does it play in communication, and what are the causes? Choose five of these causes and offer suggestions for effectively managing anxiety resulting from each of these causes. 5. What is organizational culture and how does it determine standards for communication, both internally and externally? Next, as an advisor to someone considering joining an organization, direct your advisee to some avenues to explore to discover what is the culture of an organization in order to determine if this is the right organization for your advisee to join. Lastly, how important is cultural match? 6. The American culture is certainly not uniform. There are considerable differences in how members view the world (e.g. values, beliefs, opinions, etc.). Not using national origin/heritage (e.g. Italian-American), choose three subcultures present in the American workforce and explain how the values and beliefs of each subcultures impact how those employees behave at work. 7. Communication competence is based on interactive listening. Questioning techniques improve listening by making the speaker more efficient, and they facilitate goal accomplishment. Imagine that you are a manager who has been approached by a subordinate who manages others, i.e. you are the manager’s manager. One of the manager’s subordinates, who up until recently has been a good performer, has been making significant mistakes lately. Using all of the five types of questions, help the manager design his/her own set of questions to get to the issues behind this dwindling performance. Make sure to accurately label each type of question used. Lastly, explain how this strategy is likely to help the manager correctly identify the performance issues involved. 8. Name and define each of the three D’s. Then list two consequences and two strategies for overcoming each of these problems. 9. Put yourself in a work environment. List all, naming at least five, of the nonverbal messages you notice, making sure to accurately label each. Now summarize the impact of this combination of nonverbal messages on the people working there. Is it a positive impact? Lastly, if you could change any of these messages by instituting a new personnel policy, what would you do and what would the policy look like? 10. Does gender make a difference in how employees communicate in the workplace? Using specific examples, support your conclusion. Now think of a time when communication was effective during communication involving coworkers of the opposite sex. Lastly, describe a time when communication between members of both sexes was not effective. What could have been done differently? Be specific. 11. Leaders step up when needed. Will you recognize when you should rise to a leadership position? First, write down the names of leaders (at least 3) that you admire or seek to emulate. Explain what you find admirable in their leadership styles. Now, choose at least one, of these leaders and note a situation in which he or she acted as a leader. Be prepared to discuss what elements of the situation combined with elements of the leader’s ability to lead resulted in an effective combination. Do you have any of the same leadership characteristics in common with their chosen leader or any of the other leaders? How will you recognize the right combination of situation and style for you to be a leader? 12. Managing change is something good leaders expect and have developed the skills necessary to be successful. Imagine yourself as a leader of the following organization: You are the CEO of a playing card company that has existed since 1889. Your company began producing its first electronic playing cards game in 1970 and has been highly successful. Now in the electronic age, it is important to acknowledge the lack of hand-held playing cards and embrace the video game era. You want to eliminate all hand-held playing cards from the company plan but the employees who have been around for a while wish to keep the cards around. How can you manage this change and the anxiety that it produces in your employees? General answers are not enough to earn points on this question. Identify specific steps you will take to achieve desired outcomes.

Study On Primary And Secondary Storage Computer Science Essay

Study On Primary And Secondary Storage Computer Science Essay Primary storage is also known as Immediate Access Storage and is where data is stored on the main computer memory. An example of primary storage is RAM (Random Access Memory otherwise referred to as RWM (Read Write Memory). RAM is the memory chip stored within the computers motherboard, where data can be read, stored and edited. RAM is extremely fast and is where programs are usually installed, due to its ability to run programs quickly and more efficiently than Secondary storage facilities. Secondary storage is where software and some documents or spreadsheets are stored onto a hard drive or externally onto a device such as a disk, which is easily accessible when required, via any computer or laptop and easily transportable. This is a much slower form of storage but popularly used, as the computers CPU (Central Processing Unit) memory is limited in size and its storage capacity. The information is usually stored on CD ROM; external hard drives; flash memory or USB Pen drives. Secondary storage is permanent and only becomes obsolete in time (when it eventually wears out or is replaced by new and improved technology). Complex functions such as translators for high-level languages and operating systems are placed on ROM memory. (Comp Wisdom, 2006). The ROM memory chip is a viable permanent storage facility for manufacturers, as users are unable to overwrite the information stored on this device. Off-site data storage is non-volatile and is where information is stored at an other location away from the computer, which is accessible from a direct call or via the internet. Off-site data storage is beneficial as a backup if complications arise with the onsite computer system. (No-Moa Publishers, 2000) Table 1-Differences between Primary and Secondary Storage. (Integrated Publishing, 2010) Primary Secondary Volatile Temporary Non-Volatile Permanent Fast memory therefore expensive Slow memory therefore cheaper Smaller storage capacity (L2 Cache = 2MB) Larger storage capacity Closer to CPU or internal so faster Connects to the CPU so slower performance Examples PROM Programmable Read Only Memory, already programmed by the manufacturer, non-editable. Needs a device to burn to disk and if mistake made cannot be corrected. EPROM Electronically Programmable Read Only Memory. Holds data no power supply, electrically reprogrammed up to 100 times. Stores Calibration data in real time clocks. Other types: DRAM,SRAM, MRAM Other types: ROM cane be read but not overwritten Hard drive, CDs, DVDs, Flash Memory, Magnetic tapes, Offline storage, EEPROM. Figure 1 Image of Primary and Secondary Storage. 2. Virtualization (or hypervisor) is similar to simulation where an identical copy of an operating system is made.Virtualization can be formed for various systems such as: Networks; Platforms; Applications; Desktops; servers and storage devices. This means that multiple virtual machines can be run on a single host (via virtualization),containing its own resources; operating systems and hardware, reducing the risk of software applications from causing complications with each other due to incompatibility errors or conflict. This functionality has also been developed for wireless technology including mobile phones. The benefit of mobile phones having this functionality is that the virtualized environmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦would be open to developers or open to the user to add and install applications to customize the phone as they wantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ without disrupting the carrier network.(Hazelton, Nov 2008). Figure 2: Virtualization Image Blue Whale Web Inc, 2010 3. The Home Theater receiver, also referred to as an AV receiver or Surround Sound Receiver, is the heart of a home theater system and provides most, if not all, the inputs and outputs that you connect everything, including your television, into. An AV Receiver provides an easy and cost-effective way of centralizing your your home theater system. Part One discusses the audio factors to take into consideration. 4. The cloud in network systems is an abstraction of the real system and itscomplex infrastructure. It hides the actual processes and network connections to the user such as servers, routers hubs, switches, cabling and storage (the points of entry and exits) that enable data processing.(Wiley Publishing Incoporated, 1998)The cloud represents the communications network such as network cables, which connect to various devices in order to communicate over short distances or over a large geographical area, similar to that of a telephone infrastructure. 5a. PDF known as Portable Document Formatis a system by which files can be displayed on various applications which is independent of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦software, hardware and operating systems which they originated from and the computer or printer from which the output originated.(Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2006, p. 33). PDF files have a sophisticated imaging model derived from PostScript page description language (Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2006)which has been redefined to incorporate binary format.PDF files contain universally accepted format of arrays; syntaxes; graphics; imagery and text containing specified instructions objects that allows outputto be consistent across un-similar devices. b. The format for storing, page layout and managing objects is compressed in PDF files via means of fixed, two-dimensional PostScript document.The advantages of using PDF files rather than HTML are:- Files can be encrypted and cannot be tampered with; can have a digital signature which can be for legal issues; images and information can be used as evidence in court, whereas HTML has no security controls. PDF have a low risk of being contaminated by a virus. A PDF file can be password encrypted. PDF reader software which is free of charge whereas HTML requires a Browser window. Font is embedded in a PDF file ensuring that layout and appearance remains intact, whereas HTML font and appearance is defined by the creator which can appear differently depending on browser functionality used. PDF is designed to take appearance of documentation into consideration, whereas HTML concentrates on structure. PDF files hold large data compared to that of HTML.(Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2006) c. PDF has a font embedded system allowing font programsto travel with the document, which are interpreted at the destination by the data structure, which is built into the application or by means of an external font file. This transfers the information into a character which is a graphical shape known as a glyph. The file compresses information which preserves data and maintains the integrity of the original document including its fonts and graphics. (Chuck Geschke, 2004, p. 24) d. A PDF contains 5 object types in relation to graphics, which are embedded into the file and transported with the document these being:- Path Text Inline Shading These objects define the position, orientation, size of text, graphics and bitmap imagery that appear on the page by means of appropriate shading, structure, syntax, colour fill and line strokes. The cleverly designed graphical parameters allow conversion and compression files to make certain discreet changes to the graphics without changing the surrounding environment.The filedetermines the imagery and displays it in the exact layout and position. This is known as the Cartesian co-ordinate system. (Adobe Incorporated, 2006) A vector (object) image is handled similarly, as paths are made up of lines called Bezier curves. (Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2006)The path object transfers these into paths that can be stroked and filled. The output format is then transferred with the file to cater for the imagery. e. There are a number of limitations that a PDF has on the end user these being:- Graphic recognition is time consuming to process documents containing Vector graphics Documents holding certain layouts like magazines and newspapers cannot be deciphered correctly. The documents are un-editable which could affect documents pertaining to lawyers, that require proofreading and alterations by the client. Due to new versions being released on a regular basis with new functionality, causes incompatibilities with documents created by earlier versions. Converting a PDF file back into a formatted word document asPDF does not recognise paragraphs, formatting, headers, footers, indentations, and line breaks. (PDF Tools, 2005) 6. A computer network is divided physically as well as logically. A collision domain (Ethernet segment) is where two or more devices are attempting to transmit packets of data at the same time and are usually contained within a broadcast domain. Devices that are attached to a hub or a switch are within a collision domain. Collision domains are usually divided by a switch or bridgesand use a collision -sensing protocol called CSMA/CD. The basic strategy for this protocol is it detects imminent collisions by abnormalities in the voltage, which occurs in the computer rejecting the corrupted frame (runt). (CISCO, 2006) A broadcast domain (Ethernet LAN) is a logical part of the network that emits data to another device.(Symatech, 2010) Figure 3 This diagram shows the 2Broadcast domains in Green and the 5collision domains in Red. Table 2 This table shows the ISO-OSI layers and the domains. Layer ISO-OSI Layers Whats processed Domain Devices 7 Application Layer Ports, sockets Interaction 6 Presentation Layer Format, encoding Translation 5 Session Layer Messages, communication Controls Dialogue 4 Transport Layer TCP segment Data transfer 3 Network Layer IP Packet, IP Address Broadcast domains. Layer 3 devices stop the flow of broadcast domains IP address, Router, level 3 switch 2 Data Link Layer Frame, Interface cards, adapters Single separated Collision, one single broadcast domain also created. Layer two network devices can divide collision domains. Switches, Bridges 1 Physical Layer Bit Stream Single Broadcast and Collision HUB, Repeaters 7. Von Neumanns architecture comprises of the four main components,see diagram below. This is used in current computers lay the foundation to what is known as the Little Man Computer'(Englander, 2010)the essential criteria for this architecture is the memory which has a stored program concept (Englander, 2010) which allows the programs to be edited. It stores the address in a sequenced address order which has its own memory slot and traced by unique location number. Memory- consists of RAM to store programs and data Control unit is used to fetch information from memory and decodes it and performs operations to complete the task Arithmetic unit performs mathematical calculations Input/output is the interface with the human operator Figure 4- diagram of Von Neumanns Computer Architecture http://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/parallel_comp An example of entering and adding two numbers is as follows: Take first number and input (the number is now stored in the calculator) store the number (this is stored in memory slot and number is left on calculator) -Input second number (2nd number replace first in calculator) Add first number to second (fetch 1st number from stored address location and add to number in calculator) Display/output result 8. 32 bitswide or 4 Bytes can address 4Gigabytes of memory = 4 (232 = 4,294,967,296). AMD introduced the first 32 bit flash memory device on 5th August 2001 which would allow systems to run 8 x faster than those using standard flash memory. (Advanced Micro Devices Incorporated, 2010). 9. Volatile memory is a term derived from the Latin word volatilis which translated means to fly. This terminology is applied to something that is unpredictable; subject to change; unstable or hostile. The RAM (Random Access Memory) in a computer istemporary (volatile storage), as the information stored is obliterated when the power is either switched off or interrupted, as power is required to retain information stored on the machines memory. Non Volatile memory (NVRAM) is not deleted when the connection between the memory and the CPU (Central Processing Unit) is lost. Devices such as memory disks or hard disk drives store information permanently until it is no longer required by the user. RAM, DRAM, SRAM are all forms of volatile memory and ROM and Flash memory are non-volatile forms of memory. Flash memory is widely used in the Automobile manufacturing industries, for car applications to work efficiently. Some cars contain MCUs chips (Microcontrollers), where program functionality are stored using non-volatile memory on the MCU, allowingcar functionality to work correctly such as Cruise control, air bag safety mechanism, engine controls and temperatures.(International Engineering Consortium, 2006)It could be crucial if this information plus vital safety checks were erased every time avehicle is switched off! 10. Figure 5 Data Flow Diagram showing Mixed number in a base other than 10 converted to a Decimal. (Englander, Number Systems, 2010) Display Answer Display Integer and Decimal parts together Convert Fractional Part to base 10 Convert Integer part to decimal Split into Integer number and Fractional parts Start with Mixed number Mixed Number = whole number + fraction Another way to convert a mixed number into a decimal is as follows:- Answer = 2.88 Round answer to two decimal places 2.875 23/8 To get Decimal Divide numerator by denominator Rewrite improper fraction with numerator on top 8 x 2 x 7 Turn mixed number into improper fraction 2 7/8 Start with Mixed number Mixed Number = whole number + fraction

Goethes Magical Philosophy and Possession of Nature Essay -- Goethe

Goethe's Magical Philosophy and Possession of Nature After hearing comments from the class, and especially Professor, about Goethe's appropriation of nature I began to wonder about the argument I had presented in our presentation. I decided to do further research and found some interesting arguments that both supported and detracted from my original statement. Although I think Goethe's relationship to nature is undeniable, perhaps his "appropriation" of nature is less clear. I think the term "appropriation" is the cause of the problem in identifying his true relationship to nature. In our presentation we presented examples of the appropriation of nature through Romantic literature. The most direct example of this was in Anne's detailed description of English landscape gardening where nature was physically appropriated to create the picturesque. Here we can see the distinction between any concept of Goethe's appropriation of nature and the real and physical appropriation by English landscapers. The term appropriation denotes and connotes possession on the part of the appropriator. The question of possession therefore becomes central to an idea of Goethe's appropriation of nature. Indeed, the landowners of England commissioned landscape architects to transform their grounds into models of the picturesque and this process was demonstrative of an actual possession over the land. However, I find it difficult to reduce Goethe to materialism and believe that he would take a more engaged and emotional approach to nature. It is obvious that Goethe never actually appropriated any of nature, especially when compared with the English landscapers, but I'm not sure if this satisfies an understanding of his relationship to nature... ...n cooperation. It is also interesting how this problem expands into Goethe's Faust and Italian Journey and seems to be the basis of a greater theme in his literature. The question of Goethe's appropriation of nature could be whether he subscribes to a mechanical or magical philosophy in MacLennan's terms. Either master to nature or companion, Goethe's relationship with nature is dynamic and complex. Works Cited Brown, Jane K. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. http://worldroots.com/brigitte/goethe1.htm 19 Feb. 2005. Goethe, Johann. Italian Journey. London: Penguin Classics, 1962. MacLennan, Bruce. Introduction to 'Goethe, Faust, and Science' seminar. http://www.cs.utk.edu/~mclennan/Classes/UH348/Intro-IIC5.html 19 Feb. 2005. Seamon, David. "Goethe, Nature, and Phenomenology". http://www.arch.ksu.edu/seamon/book%20chapters/goethe_intro.htm 18 Feb. 2005.

Understanding Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

I remember the days when my grandma would be the one taking care of me after school. Each and every school day, I would eagerly wait for school to end so that my grandma could come and pick me up to bring me back to her apartment. Each and every day, she would come 15 minutes after school had ended to avoid the hassle of dealing with all the parents coming at the same time to pick their kids up. I didn’t mind though, that gave me time to talk to my teachers about issues that I had or just to socialize with my friends. Once my grandma arrived, I would quickly drop what I was doing, say goodbye to whomever I was talking to, and go straight to the car to keep my grandma from waiting. My grandma would immediately greet me and ask how my day was. During the car rides, she would listen to my little rants and issues that I would have from time to time and give me advice for it. One of the things that she would always tell me was that â€Å"life is too short to be mad†. I took everything my grandma told me to heart and always learned from the things that she said. After we got back to her apartment, my grandma would always cook my instant noodles just the way I liked them. There was a special ingredient that she would always add that made the noodles better than anyone else could ever make for me. After eating, my grandma would then help me with my homework and make sure I understand the homework. She’d always make it easy to understand by comparing the problems in the homework with real life situations that I already understand. She’d explain simple addition and subtraction problems with my legos to make it easier for me to see and understand. Once my homework was finished with for the day, my grandma would let me watch TV or play with me. S... ...org. Web. 6 June 2015. "Elderly Companion Care." Senior Home Care & Elder Care Services. VisitingAngels.com. Web. 3 June 2015. "Home Safety and Alzheimer's." Alzheimer's Association. Alz.org. Web. 08 June 2015. "Homemaker Services." :: ASA Services. Dss.sd.gov. Web. 6 June 2015. "Incontinence." Alzheimer's Association. Alz.org. Web. 6 June 2015. "In-Home Health Care." Alzheimer's Association. Alz.org. Web. 6 June 2015. "Mabel Ha." Personal interview. 27 Nov. 2013. Macgill, Markus. "What Is Alzheimer's Disease? Causes, Symptoms and Treatment." Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, 31 July 2009. Web. 1 June 2015. "Personal Services." Home Instead. HomeInstead.com. Web. 6 June 2015. Saison, Joanna, Doug Russell, and Monika White. "A Guide to Nursing Homes." : Skilled Nursing Facilities and Convalescent Homes. HelpGuide.org. Web. 4 June 2015.

Rokeby Venus Essay -- Essays Papers

Rokeby Venus I choose to look at the painting â€Å"The Toilet of Venus† or more commonly referred to as â€Å"The Rokeby Venus† by Diego Velalazquez. The â€Å"Rokeby† part came into effect, because the painting was originally displayed in the Morritt Collection at Rokeby Hall in Yorkshire, before being moved to its current home in the National Gallery. Diego Velazquez was born in Seville in 1599, and went on to become one of the most brilliant and influential painters ever to come from Spain. He lived in Madrid for most of his adult life, and was employed as a court painter. Throughout his career, he tackled a wide variety of subjects, such as landscapes, scenes from real life, and mythological/religious figures. He was a master realist who excelled at capturing essential features upon the canvas. He painted â€Å"The Rokeby Venus† between 1647 and 1651, and was his only nude portrait, as well as the first one in Spain, at that time. Initially the painting me t with some disapproval, especially from the Church, since it was a nude, but eventually the work received great praise, and became known, as being one of the most beautiful and significant portrayals of Venus in the history of Western Art. The painting, in its simplest form, consists of a naked woman lying elegantly upon stately and rich cloths, while a young, also nude boy, is holding a mirror which contains her reflection. Upon first glance of this work, I was quickly able to make out the identity of the two subjects. ...

Police Operations

Department Organization Paper â€Å"What if the structure of police organizations is shaped by factors beyond easy human contrivance, such as the size and age of the force, the degree of stability in the political environment, the complexity of governmental regulation, the geographical dispersion of the population, or the nature of police work itself† (Maguire 2003)? In this paper I will describe in detail various types of police agencies at the local, state, and federal level and how each is organized, identify the principal roles and functions of police organizations and their role as it applies to the law, and also identify major organizational theories associated with policing. * There are many different types of police organizations that specifically deal with specific circumstances. On the other hand there are broad organizations that deal with a wider scope of jurisdiction and rules.I will just touch on the major organization within police work at the local, state, and federal levels. The first organization (city and county) are the first level of policing. Moreover, these agencies have municipal police, county police, and the county sheriffs. (Wikipedia 2010) â€Å"The Municipal police are law enforcement agencies that are under the control of local government. Their powers are delegated by legislation or directives by higher levels of government† (para. 3). They receive pay by local budgets and have fewer rights than that of state police.Municipal police are generally a part of law enforcement that acts more of a deterrent, only limited by the by the equipment that they carry. They can range from one officer agencies to our own Sacramento PD. The next police organization is state, which includes the state police and bureaus of criminal investigation. State police are controlled by the state supreme courts and are directed by state codes of criminal procedure that define what police must do and what they may not do. â€Å"The most importa nt role of state governments has been to require the licensing or certification of all sworn officers† (Walker and Katz 2008, para. 02). State police have state wide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and also criminal investigations. They perform functions outside the jurisdiction of the county sheriff. Some of their duties include, but are not limited to; enforcing traffic laws on state and interstate highways, protecting the governor, provide technological and scientific support services and help to coordinate with other jurisdictions in aiding serious cases. Another service is the highway patrol that patrols the highways for any infractions concerning traffic and safety.Other state police agencies such as the Bureaus of Investigation (State Detectives), Bureau of Narcotics (Drug Enforcement), Department of Public Safety (provide oversight and coordination over various state level police agencies), and also Marine Patrol (water police), are amongst state patrol s. All these agencies have state wide jurisdiction governed by the state supreme courts rule. The last level police organization is the federal government. (Walker and Katz 2008) states, â€Å"The role of each federal agency is specified by federal statute. In important respects, federal agencies have far less complex role than that of municipal agencies.Federal agents do not have the ambiguous and difficult order maintenance responsibilities, do not maintain 911 emergency telephone services, and are not asked to handle vague disturbance calls† (para. 61). â€Å"Federal Law Enforcement Officers are authorized to enforce various laws not only at the federal level, but also state, county, and local in many circumstances† (Wikipedia 2010). There are numerous federal agencies such as, Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, or Department of Energy to just name a few.All federal agencies are limited by the U. S. Code, but because of the USA PATRIOT Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001), federal power has broadened in scope. As (Grant and Terry 2008) state, â€Å"researchers have found four main theories or explanations. The first Psychological theories, argue that core attitudes are formed before the individual enters the police force and are a function of such things as family background, social status, and prior education.Next, Educational theories, state that core attitudes are acquired during police training and early years on the street and are passed on to recruits by older, more experienced police officers. Also, Sociological theories, state that police attitudes are shaped by the daily demands of police work and reflect the â€Å"working culture† of policing. Lastly, Organizational theories, argues that police attitudes and values are shaped by the organizational and working culture of policing and the demands pla ced upon officers by their police colleagues† (p. 223). Whether officers exhibit similar personality traits and the extent to which hese are caused by predisposing factors or a socialization into the police culture is the subject of many diverse explanations: psychological, educational, sociological, and organizational. ‘The influence of historical factors on officer perceptions of suspiciousness must also be considered in discussing the origins of police culture. Police are in many ways a reflection of the larger societal force in which they are embedded† (Grant and Terry 2008, p. 235).References * Grant, B. & Terry, J. (2008). â€Å"Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, (2th)† Retrieved from: https://ecampus. phoenix. du/content/eBookLibrary2/content/DownloadList. aspx? assetMetaId=08c377a1-ea3a-4b46-be5d-363667e36f97&assetDataId=86388622-06ef-4ecb-a9bb-bd30d479b2a2 Maguire, E. (2003). â€Å"Organizational Structure in American Police Agencies† Retrieved from: http://books. google. com/books? id=nJtIrM_rtbsC&dq=police+departments+organization&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=UITlTO-XEIf0swPBlMCxCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=11&sqi=2&ved=0CGQQ6AEwCg#v=onepage&q=police%20departments%20organization&f=false Wikipedia, (2010) Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Police * *

Everyman Play Analysis Essay

The play â€Å"Everyman† remains nobody indifferent and thus is attractive for many readers, because the play is the best example of the medieval morality play. The genre of the play is presented by allegory aiming at dramatizing moral struggle that can be considered as universal and individual as well. The play is interesting, because it portrays feasting Everyman being informed of approaching Death. Thus many important themes are raised in the play: death and eternal life, friendship and betrayal, knowledge and power, etc. The author originally portrays, firstly, how Everyman is deserted by his â€Å"true† friends and companions, how he falls back on his Good Deeds, etc. It is also necessary to admit that Everyman is associated with eternal values of beauty, intelligence, strength and human knowledge. All these elements assist Everyman in compiling book of Accounts, though at the end of the play he remains only with Good Deeds alone. Furthermore, the play is, certainly, edifying, because it provides the idea that people can take with them from real world nothing they have received, but only the things they have given others. Apparently, the play differs from contemporary biblical text as it doesn’t dramatize biblical episodes and characters. Instead the play personifies the good and bad qualities of mankind and shows them in conflict. Moreover, â€Å"Everyman† provides complete morality restricted by depicting the spiritual biography of the human microcosm, instead of representing spiritual history of man. Finally, the play is attractive due to author’s very unique style of writing, because the author employs s technique of imagery meaning that he uses images and symbols to represent a certain hero and particular idea. Thus imagery makes readers understand the play and acting better. Further, â€Å"Everyman† teach people how to be moral. Moral seems to be the universal theme being popular in all times. The play suggests that it is necessary to do good deeds and to obtain knowledge, because everything learnt will stay for the whole life.

House of Hades

Now, in this next instalment in the Heroes of Olympus, The House of Hades, Percy and Annabeth must cross the most miserable place unimaginable with the help of the Titan Bob, hile their demigod friends aboard the Argo II still fghts their way through the Mare Nostrum-or as mortals call it-the Mediterranean Sea. Both are standing at crossroads. In about a month, the Roman demigods will march to Camp Half-Blood to begin war, and Gaea will finally rise.The stakes are higher than ever in this adventure that dives into the depths of Tartarus. Our dear Uncle Rick has done it again. He has created the most gripping tale by far in his Percy Jackson world. The demigods not Just have to battle horrifying and terrifying monsters, but also their wn true fears – something much worse than having a physical wound. Even though we have met some of the characters in the last series, they still never fail to surprise us in every chapter.Rick carefully developed their personalities and characteri stics, such as when Percy & Annabeth's love was challenged as they travel through Tartarus, and also Nico's shocking revelation. Percy will also experience the consequences of what he has done in the past years that he thought at first was the ight thing to do-consequences involving losing Annabeth forever. For the new characters, Rick showed us their different sides and aspects.We may think we really know them, but we will find them walking the different path than they might have expected. Each character was written with care, showing their deepest secrets, and the friendships & relationships aboard the Argo II continues to blossom. The House of Hades will leave readers and fans anticipating for the next instalment, The Blood of Olympus, which is set to release next fall 2014.

A study into Biodiesel as an alternative fuel

Except for hydroelectricity and nuclear energy, the majority of the present-day world’s energy needs are fulfilled by fossil fuels such as petrochemical fuels, coal and various natural gases. These fossil fuels sources are finite and judging from the current usage rates are in danger of depleting shortly.Also the two renewable sources used currently i.e. hydroelectricity and nuclear energy cannot be used as fuels in transport vehicles majority of which are run using fossil fuels. Because of the large and increasing levels of energy requirement demands in both the industrial and domestic sector, as well as the increased pollution problems because of using fossil fuels have made it necessary to develop renewable energy sources that would last limitlessly and would cause less harm to the environment than the traditional fossil fuels.This requirement has fueled the interest in alternative sources to petroleum-based fuels. One such alternative is to use oils of plant origin which i s known as biodiesel. Biodiesel is a biodegradable and non-toxic fuel and has low emission profiles as compared to petroleum diesel (Meher, Vidyasagar & Naik, 2004:249-250).Using converted vegetable oils and animal fats as an alternative to Petrol-Diesel fuel has been around for decades. In fact the use vegetable oil for diesel engines is almost as old as the diesel engine itself. The original Diesel engine was designed to run on cheap vegetable oils.The engine was commonly demonstrated running on peanut oil. Most of the present day diesel engines can in fact run on biodiesel without using any special equipment. The importance of biodiesel as an attractive fuel is increasing due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources (Knothe, Dunn & Bagby, n.d:1).This dissertation is a study into the use of biodiesel as an alternative to petroleum-based fuels by focusing on the various aspects of biodiesel and its use.The study will focus on understanding the various reasons for going in for alte rnative fuels in detail, study the engine performance using biodiesel fuels, assess the compatibility of biodiesel and fossil fuels, study the production process of biodiesel in detail, analyze the emission levels using biodiesel as fuel, and study the advantages and limitations of using biodiesel.What is Biodiesel? Biofuels can be defined as liquid fuels produced from biomass for either transport or burning purposes. They can be produced from agricultural and forest products, and biodegradable portion of industrial and municipal waste.It is generally held that biofuels offer many benefits, including sustainability, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and security of supply. Various scenarios have led to the conclusion that biofuels will be in widespread use in the future energy systems. Biofuels can be converted into liquid and gaseous fuels through thermo-chemical and biological methods.Hence, a variety of fuels can be produced from biomass resources including liquid fuels such as methanol, biodiesel and Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane. Biofuels are primarily use din vehicles but can also be used in engines or fuels cells for electricity generation. The figure below shows the types of biofuels.DefinitionsThe term biodiesel is a combination of two terms : the Greek word for life ‘bio’ and ‘diesel’ from the last name of the inventor Rudolf Diesel. The term refers to the diesel equivalent, processed fuel derived from biological sources. It is a cleaner-burning diesel replacement fuel made from natural and renewable sources such as new and used vegetable oils and animal fats. Biodiesel is the name for a variety of ester-based oxygenated fuels from renewable biological sources. It can be made from processed organic oils and fats.Chemically, biodiesel is defined as the monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids derived from renewable biolipids. In general terms, biodiesel may be defined as a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean oil that meets the specifications of ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751.While in technical terms, biodiesel is a diesel engine fuel comprised of monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or ani mal fats, designated B100 and meeting the requirements of ASTM D 6751 (Demirbas, 2008:114; Shrivastava & Jain published in Kumar & Nehar 2007:32).Properties of BiodieselBiodiesel is a clear amber-yellow colored liquid with a viscosity similar to that of petrodiesel. Biodiesel is non-inflammable and in contrast to petrodiesel is non-explosive, with a flash point of 423K for biodiesel as compared to 337K for petrodiesel. Unlike, petrodiesel, biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic and also significantly reduces toxic and other emissions when burned in a fuel.However, it is more expensive than petrodiesel, which appears to be the primary factor in preventing its more widespread use (Demirbas, 2008:115). The figure below shows the main technical properties of biodiesel.

American Online Case Study

Q1: The major explanations to the reason why AOL was so successful in the commercial online industry comparing to its competitors CompuServe and Prodigy are as follows:  · AOL offered the unique and board range of features such as Online Community, Computing and the like, so their services are relatively differentiated  · AOL kept good relation with its customer because of the easy access to AOL’s online service which only required to have a personal computer, a telephone line, and a computer, and also reflected in AOL’s rate structure which was the easiest for consumers to understand and anticipate, relative to its competitors  · The bargaining power of AOL with supplier is achieved by making strategic partnership with American Express, and so on; and completing its acquisitions of Internet software developers, along with AOL’s growing membership base, in order to strengthen its new interactive services industry by means of pursuing a number of initiatives .  · The threat of new enchant is low, since there is not much service providers, like AOL, acted as middlemen between thousands of content providers and millions of customers, which provided lucrative profits prior to 1995. Q2: There are several crucial changes happened in the commercial online industry in the year of 1995 and after:  · With the advent of the Internet World Wide Web and the entrance of Microsoft Network, content providers had substitution distribution channels that offered greater control over their products  · Under the background that the migration of proprietary services and content to Web sites, the exclusive offerings of AOL was declining, thus it was likely reduce the market share of AOL in the industry and subsequently posed negative effect on its profitability  · Since everyone with a PC was his/her own publisher, customers would sign up for an Internet on-ramp service provided by other companies and they were tend to use the other companies’ browsing software to surf the world’s database, resulted in the situation that content providers were starting to make use of these distribution channels. Q3. Based on the annual reports and footnotes, AOL’s accounting policy was to capitalize subscriber acquisition costs prior to 1995, which in my view, was not likely to be justified in that period based, for the uncertainty whether ts customers could migrate to the internet still remained since this would probably affect the growth in its subscriber and the profit of its services, although the CFO of AOL attributed the choice to the explanation that the period over which the revenue would be received was matching with the timing the expense, yet there was a rising gap between the reported income and its tax income, except for a big change in its service quality, these two numbers bear a consistent relationship to each other. Q4. The company should shorten the length of amortisation of the acquisition costs instead of extending it. The reason of this assertion are based on the life cycle of the industry which was supposed to be relatively short and because of the constantly cha nging environment of the commercial online industry with huge uncertainties, which was likely to require conservative accounting policy to reflect the financial figures so as to better match revenues with expense. Nevertheless, AOL even extended the amortization period for its subscriber acquisition cost from about 15 months to 24 months, which made it would be tend to face big risks when customers switched to other online service under uncertainty. Therefore, the company’s response seems to be inconsistent with my view. Q5. If AOL followed the policy of expensing subscriber acquisition outlays rather than capitalizing them, there would be a huge amount of subscriber acquisition costs, leading to a comparatively decreasing profit and increase operating loss in the income statement as well as lower equity in the balance sheet for the last same period or compared to its peers, which might lose the attractive looking of the accounting figures when it was eager to raise money from the public market so as to pay its bill.

Beer Game Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beer Game - Essay Example The main probable causes of this phenomenon as seen in the graphs are inefficient policies in supply chain management, forecasting errors in consumer demands, and delays in processing information and orders. For example, if there is lack of communication within the supply chain, or at least between the directly interacting ladders, it causes magnification in discrepancy up to the maximum level as orders move upstream to the factories. Additionally, failure to accurately forecast demand increases causes the supply chain to run out of stock and fail to safeguard inventories. Moreover, delays in processing information and orders cause either product shortages or overabundance of stock. This results in increase in the operational costs of the teams. 2. There are several ways to correct these problems to reduce the costs of this bullwhip effect. One is the use of a supply chain management tool that allows customers to determine the inventory levels of supplying factories. This could resul t in an agreement between the vendors and consumers on the adequate amount of inventory based on buyer demands. This reduces the risk of inaccurate forecasting.

Ebook-Importance of technology in Retailing Assignment

Ebook-Importance of technology in Retailing - Assignment Example In the modern society and in the field of retail business, technology has taken a very significant role in the success of retail ventures (Jha, 2009). These different facets of technology include information systems like inventory control systems, customer record systems and business intelligence tracking (Jha, 2009, pp. 153). Due to the foreseen importance of technology in the working of modern retail business, this paper will explore the impact of technology on global retailing and also explore its impact on retail marketing in the UK. Further, the paper will explore the STP of retail marketing in the UK and also study the field of e-commerce. Advances in technology have led to an overlap in the traditional and the digital channels of retail marketing, which is evident from the dominant role of competitive intelligence and constant monitoring (Motorola Solutions, 2014). The trends that demonstrate the impact of technology in the global retail marketing field include that there has been a huge growth in the collection of customer-centric data. This information is used to offer indicators about the changes in the buying behaviours of customers (Deloitte). In the light of these modern global trends, visionary retailers have employed the technologies that personalize the shopping experiences of their customers; the implementation of these technologies has afforded better information and interconnectedness to customers (Motorola Solutions, 2014). The power of predictive data analytics has continued to offer retailers more access to structured and unstructured data; this change has enabled retailers to develop better insights about consumption trends and the behaviours of shoppers (Siegel, 2013). Forward-looking retailers are using different channels to do their retail marketing. The omnichannel outlook offers retailers, the opportunity to guarantee their

Graphic Design career statement (for admission) Essay

Graphic Design career statement (for admission) - Essay Example On the other hand, technology is becoming an essential part of modern man and society. Technology, in fact, evolves as man desires to improve the comfort of life. Furthermore, the role of technology changes man’s perception of life, nature, and art. For me, technology is shaping, and is being shaped by, the sphere of art. By and large, art and technology are finding a common ground for them to create and recreate an environment that is all too human. And for this reason, I decided to take up Graphic Design. Due to my personal strengths, I feel that I am qualified to be a Graphic Designer. I have two main strengths related to Graphic Designing: first, my talent in creating art works; second, my ability to manipulate technology both hardware and software. First, I have discovered in my early childhood that I possess an inherent talent for the art. And in the course of my life, I have honed this talent in order to put a sense of high art in my work. I believe that what I was doin g, or the results of my actions (e.g., drawing), was an art work in itself. Perhaps in pursuing Graphic Design, I will be able to sharpen more the art talent that I possess. And second, technology such as the computer is something not too foreign to me. Even with the evolution of computer technology, I am still able to learn and use it with ease and comfort.

Quality Assurance Procedure With Regard To Student's Ability-Based Essay

Quality Assurance Procedure With Regard To Student's Ability-Based Assessment - Essay Example This paper will explore an analysis of quality assurance with regard to Student ability-based assessment. The paper will also develop and examine the underlying issues and causes that trigger student’s ability-based assessment as a way of quality assurance in college. Student’s Ability-Based Assessment Institutions of higher learning for adults are very complex and dynamic. It is, thus, necessary to carry out student ability-based assessments for lecturers to be able to understand whether what they teach in the classroom is being understood by the students. Student ability-based assessment is seen to lead to program assessment. Wilkin (2000 p.18) notes that the ultimate goal is not only to determine the student’s competency but also to determine corrective actions that may be taken to ensure that competency is reached. Student assessment scores are also used by the college as a measure of yearly progress (Denton and Brown 2009 p.217-229). Cicchelli and Ashby-Davi s (2011) argues that one of the major determinants of achievement of the learning task is to be able to establish the cognitive-entry characteristics of a person. Therefore, it is important to assess such entry characteristics before issuing instructions since many lecturers today are faced with teaching exceptional students and adults in the regular classroom. What triggered the introduction of student ability-based assessment in my college was the fact that a number of students were found only to show competencies in some of the subjects without due regard to the others. For example, in a course that exhibits two abilities as outcomes targets, some students were found to perform superbly in one, in which they even obtain a grade (â€Å"A†) but could completely show a big contrast in the other with a grade â€Å"F†. In some situations, the overall grade of some students would reflect an average performance of grade â€Å"C† giving the student opportunity to pro gress through the curriculum. However, the truth of the matter is that the student lacks the ability to be deemed necessary by the faculty of the college. For this reason, the college administration, through assessment division, deemed it necessary for student assessments to be done as a quality assurance procedure so that a curriculum based on the student’s ability can be introduced as suggested by Denton and Brown (2009 p.217-229). The introduction of student ability-based assessment was also to enable the college set a curriculum that is able to nature students with competence in their areas of study that meet labor market demands. This is after a survey showed that many graduates of the college lacked expected competency that meets the skills demanded in the labor market. The initial perception among the students was that the assessment was being carried out as a normal exam test procedure. It was until late that students came to discover that it was a way of examining in dividual student competency so that the college administration could come up with student curriculum validation procedures that meet the skills required in the labor market. Analysis of the Incident Wilkin (2000 P.6) argues that national demand for educational accountability has triggered interest in a number of assessment techniques through which institutions of learning can demonstrate responsibility and effectiveness. Ability-based education is such an approach used as

Macroeconomics Problem Set Speech or Presentation

Macroeconomics Problem Set - Speech or Presentation Example From (b), it is evident that that velocity of money is equal to the nominal interest rate. Velocity will, therefore, grow if interest rate also grows. Hence, if interest rate is a constant velocity is also constant. Velocity will, therefore, grow if interest rate also grows. Money neutrality means that money supply does not affect real variables but only affects the nominal variables. An increase in the money supply will hence have an effect on all prices but not on the real GDP or real prices. Structural unemployment results from structural changes in the economy that makes employees obsolete. It is a lack of the required type of workers; there is a difference between the skills employers are looking for and the available employee’s skills. 3. Researchers at Purdue have collected data on the number of undergraduate Purdue students either involved in a relationship or uninvolved. Among involved students, 10% experience a breakup of their relationship each month. Among uninvolved students, 5% enter into a relationship every month. Illustrate the flow of students between the two states (involved and uninvolved) using a diagram. What is the steady-state fraction of residents who are